1. Indicators and dimensions
Each indicator is mapped to 0–1 using fixed bounds. For “higher is better”: (value − minimum) / (maximum − minimum). For “lower is better”, the numerator is maximum − value. Results are clipped to 0 and 1.
The monthly median is divided by 30.4375 to obtain a daily value. Its score is ln(daily median / 8.30) / ln(75 / 8.30). Patents use ln(1 + value) / ln(1 + 3000). Logarithms reduce the influence of very high values.
| Dimension | Internal composition |
|---|
| Health | 50% UHC + 40% longevity + 10% DTP3 |
| Learning | 70% LAYS + 30% expected years of schooling |
| Material Inclusion | 35% inverted Gini + 35% population above int$8.30/day + 30% PPP median |
| Technology | 25% internet + 15% broadband + 30% R&D + 30% patents |
| Government Capacity | 40% WGI effectiveness + 30% e-government + 30% SPI |
All normalization bounds
Health: coverage, access and financial protection
Revision of 16 October 2026. Out-of-pocket spending was excluded: it omits health insurance premiums, and its share of national health spending does not show how much of each family’s income goes to healthcare. Its 20 percentage points of internal weight were transferred to UHC, increasing it from 30% to 50%. Longevity retains 40% and DTP3 retains 10%. These weights are normative choices for this proposal.
What UHC indicates: a composite index of essential health service coverage, on a 0–100 scale. It is not the percentage of people insured or legally entitled to care. A high value alone does not establish universality, free treatment, short waits, quality or equal access. UOR normalization retains the 40–90 bounds; the normalized maximum does not mean the entire population is covered.
The financial limitation remains: this revision emphasizes service coverage but stops directly scoring financial protection. SDG indicator 3.8.2 still relies on out-of-pocket payments and does not resolve the omission of insurance premiums. A future component should consider net premiums and other payments relative to ability to pay, by income group, alongside impoverishment and care forgone because of cost. Adoption requires comparable data and a temporal audit; no estimate has been invented to fill this gap.
UHC values and years remain those of the inherited snapshot. Consulting current methodology does not automatically update or reclassify those observations. Earlier positions are not directly comparable with this revision, which also reapplies the ≥ 70.00 selection.
WHO · service coverage and limitations · UN / WHO · financial protection, SDG 3.8.2 · World Bank · exclusion of insurance premiums.
2. Aggregation and ranking
UOR = 100 × Σ (normalized weight × dimension)
The normalized weight is the entered weight divided by the sum of all five weights. The aligned cohort's initial reference assigns 20% to each dimension. Weights are normative choices, not statistical estimates.
Ranking uses unrounded scores. Scores tied within 10⁻¹⁰ points share a rank; alphabetical order is used only for display. Small differences do not imply substantive superiority.
Fixed preliminary selection: countries must have baseline UOR ≥ 70.00, with equal weights and no PPP hypotheses, and all 15 indicators complete and temporally aligned. The cutoff uses the unrounded score. The selection remains unchanged when weights change, PPP is tested or a new reference is captured. The 70.00 cutoff is a presentation choice, not a scientific threshold of ethical value.
“Capture scenario as reference” stores a copy of the current weights and hypotheses. “Restore defaults” returns both scenarios to equal weights within the aligned cohort. Reloading the page restarts the session.
GDP per capita PPP, interpersonal trust, rule of law and electoral democracy do not enter the score. This version does not calculate the workbook's income residual.
3. What the PPP test means
The threshold of int$8.30 per person per day and the median are stated in 2021 PPP terms. The comparison already accounts for purchasing power; an international dollar is not a dollar converted at the market exchange rate.
Starting from local currency, the value in international dollars is the local value divided by the appropriate PPP factor, with prices and periods harmonized. Consumption PPP is relevant to household welfare; GDP PPP should not automatically replace it.
The control varies a country's median from 0.5× to 1.5×, keeping the 8.30–75 bounds fixed. This is a hypothetical sensitivity test, not an official revision. Gini is retained. Poverty is retained unless you enter a recalculated rate.
A median does not reveal how many people are below a threshold. The site therefore does not infer poverty from a multiplier. A full revision requires distributions, surveys and comparable factors. Switching from 2017 PPP to 2021 PPP cannot be correctly simulated with an arbitrary multiplier.
4. Interpretive limitations
- Alignment limits the span to two years within each indicator. Across indicators, years still range from 2020 to 2025; this is neither a simultaneous snapshot nor an entirely recent dataset.
- The presentation is intentionally selected by score and data availability. It does not represent the worldwide distribution of UOR. Positions refer only to the countries presented. Progressive inclusion of every nation is a research aim.
- The rule uses the year stated in the workbook. Publication year, collection period, revision and projection can differ and require their own audit. The selection does not resolve discrepancies in definitions, values or licensing.
- Income and consumption are different concepts. Gini, poverty and the median may come from different surveys and years.
- UHC measures essential service coverage, not legal universality or financial protection. DTP3 and UHC may partly overlap on vaccination information; internal weights require sensitivity analysis.
- Patents measure applications, not innovation quality. Internet and e-government may capture overlapping capabilities.
- WGI uses perceptions; SPI measures statistical capacity, not physical project delivery.
- The mean permits compensation between strengths and weaknesses. Bounds and internal weights also affect results.
- The current proxy does not directly measure motivation, empathy, ethics, adult learning or individual readiness; it does not establish causal effects of UBI/EUBI/UOR. Its ethical orientation is an aim to develop and validate, rather than a certification of the countries presented.